The Signs And Symptoms Of Hypocalcemia Essay Paper
Question
How Valproic acid overdose cause hypocalcemia
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Valproic acid is a medication that is primarily used to treat epilepsy and bipolar disorder. It works by increasing the levels of the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain. Valproic acid overdose can lead to hypocalcemia, which is a condition characterized by low levels of calcium in the blood.
The mechanism by which valproic acid overdose causes hypocalcemia is not completely understood. However, it is believed that valproic acid may affect the metabolism of vitamin D, which is required for the absorption of calcium from the intestines. In addition, valproic acid can increase the levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH), which is a hormone that regulates calcium levels in the blood. PTH works by promoting the release of calcium from bones, and increasing the reabsorption of calcium from the kidneys. However, when PTH levels are chronically elevated, it can lead to decreased bone density and increased risk of fractures.
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Valproic acid can also cause renal tubular acidosis, which is a condition where the kidneys are unable to excrete acid properly, leading to acidosis. Acidosis can lead to a decrease in ionized calcium levels in the blood, as calcium ions bind to acid molecules and become less available for physiological processes.
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Nursing implications and patient teaching for valproic acid overdose and hypocalcemia may include close monitoring of calcium levels in the blood, administration of calcium and vitamin D supplements as necessary, and management of acid-base imbalances.
Explanation:
Patients should also be educated on the signs and symptoms of hypocalcemia, which can include muscle cramps, tetany, seizures, and cardiac arrhythmias. In addition, patients should be advised to seek medical attention if they experience any adverse effects or overdose symptoms, such as drowsiness, confusion, nausea, vomiting, and tremors.
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Final answer
Patients should also be educated on the signs and symptoms of hypocalcemia, which can include muscle cramps, tetany, seizures, and cardiac arrhythmias. In addition, patients should be advised to seek medical attention if they experience any adverse effects or overdose symptoms, such as drowsiness, confusion, nausea, vomiting, and tremors The Signs And Symptoms Of Hypocalcemia Essay Paper